Experts at the University of Palermo in Italy, as well as a team in Israel, collated the research on the drug in treating the coronavirus. In their report, they claimed officials in the Netherlands already suggest treating critically-ill patients with the drug. University of Minnesota experts are planning to test whether the drug — sometimes given to treat lupus and arthritis — prevents the progression of COVID Hydroxychloroquine Malaria.
Chinese scientists investigating the other form of chloroquine penned a letter to a prestigious journal saying its 'less toxic' derivative may also help. In the comment to Cell Discovery — owned by publisher Nature, they said it shares similar chemical structures and mechanisms. The team of experts added: 'It is easy to conjure up the idea that hydroxychloroquine may be a potent candidate to treat infection by SARS-CoV But the Wuhan Institute of Virology scientists admitted they are still lacking evidence to prove it is as effective as chloroquine phosphate.
Hydroxychloroquine, sold under the brand name Plaquenil, causes side effects such as skin rashes, nausea, diarrhoea and headaches. Drug giant Sanofi carried out a study on 24 patients, which the French government described as 'promising'. Results showed three quarters of patients treated with the drug were cleared of the virus within six days. None of the placebo group were treated. The drug has shown promise as a way of tackling coronavirus, scientists say, because it is able to bind to the outside of the coronavirus.
It is a class of drug called a protease inhibitor, which essentially stick to an enzyme on a virus which is vital to the virus reproducing. By doing this it blocks the process the virus would normally use to clone itself and spread the infection further. Chinese media reported that the drug was successfully used to cure patients with the coronavirus, but the reports have not been scientifically proven.
The drug is available on the NHS and was prescribed around 1, times in , either as Kaletra or ritonavir on its own.
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Favipiravir flu. Favipiravir is the active ingredient in a flu drug called Avigan which is sold in Japan.
Chloroquine Phosphate
Doctors in China have claimed it was 'clearly effective' in patients with the coronavirus after they gave it to 80 people in the cities of Wuhan and Shenzen. They said it sped up patients' recovery, reduced lung damage and did not cause any obvious side effects. It is also used to treat yellow fever and foot-and-mouth. According to local media, patients who were given the medicine in Shenzhen had negative results for the coronavirus an average of four days after being diagnosed.
This compared with 11 days for those who were not treated with the drug. It is not clear what the results were of the trials in Wuhan, the worst-hit part of China. The drug is an anti-viral medication which neutralises a vital enzyme that viruses use to reproduce. It is called a RNA polymerase inhibitor. It is not used by the NHS.
It's produced by the Japanese company Fujifilm Toyama Chemical. Remdesivir Ebola. Remdesivir is an anti-viral drug that works in essentially the same way as favipiravir — by crippling the RNA polymerase enzyme, stopping a virus from reproducing.
The evidence of chloroquine’s effectiveness is very weak
It was developed around 10 years ago by the pharmaceutical company Gilead Sciences with the intention of it destroying the Ebola virus. It was pushed aside, however, when other, better candidates emerged. But it remained an anti-viral drug with the ability to destroy various viruses in lab tests, scientists said. Doctors in the US tried it on three hospitalised coronavirus patients but results were mixed. Doctors writing in a study led by the Wuhan Institute of Virology, published in the prestigious scientific journal Nature last month, said: 'Our findings reveal that remdesivir [is] highly effective in the control of nCoV infection in vitro.
They added that, since the drug is proven to be safe in humans, it 'should be assessed in human patients suffering from the novel coronavirus disease'. Sarilumab Rheumatoid arthritis. Sarilumab, a rheumatoid arthritis drug which is marketed as Kevzara in the US, is set to be trialled on patients in the US. Sarilumab, a rheumatoid arthritis drug which is marketed as Kevzara and is available to be prescribed on the NHS, is set to be trialled on patients in the US.
Pharmaceutical companies Sanofi and Regeneron plan to give the medication to people with the coronavirus to see if it can help calm their immune response. The drug works by blocking part of the immune system which can cause inflammation, or swelling, which is overactive in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammation is the body's natural response to infection but, in patients with coronavirus, it can get out of control, making symptoms significantly worse and even trigger multiple organ failure. Regeneron, which makes the drug, said Chinese doctors say it has worked for their patients, the Financial Times reported.
He said the drug could provide 'temporary support' by reducing the severity of patients' symptoms to help hospitals to cope. John Reed, from Sanofi, told the FT: 'We expect to rapidly initiate trials outside the US in the coming weeks, including areas most affected by the pandemic such as Italy'. The views expressed in the contents above are those of our users and do not necessarily reflect the views of MailOnline.
Email sam. Share this article Share. The US is also moving to protect its supply of the drugs. Read more: www. Share or comment on this article: Coronavirus UK: Potentially effective malaria drug running out e-mail 5. Comments Share what you think. View all. More top stories.
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Bing Site Web Enter search term: Search. Ad Feature. Banner Health, a large non-profit health care system based in Arizona, reported Monday that a man in his 60s died and his wife, also in her 60s, is in critical care after they both took chloroquine phosphate. Researchers are studying how to repurpose existing drugs to battle the novel respiratory virus sweeping the world.
That effort involves eight countries, including Canada. But in a paper published Friday , the U.
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Theresa Tam said the pandemic crisis has brought forward many ideas from researchers around the world, but they must be clinically tested. Chloroquine has been used since the s to treat malaria, and more recently by those with lupus and chronic rheumatoid arthritis. But when taken in incorrect doses, it has dangerous side effects, including death. Even when taken correctly, it can cause stomach distress and vision damage. Hydroxychloroquine is considered a generally safer alternative, though in rare cases it can damage the heart.
Doctors in Nigeria have reported cases of poisonings with chloroquine, which is widely available without prescription in many countries. But officials at the U. But it said it was working with researchers to determine whether chloroquine can be used "to treat patients with mild-to-moderate COVID to potentially reduce the duration of symptoms, as well as viral shedding, which can help prevent the spread of disease. Small-scale studies in China and France have shown some positive effects of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in reducing both the duration and symptoms of COVID in combination with an antibiotic called azithromycin.
Researchers and clinicians in the U. But Juurlink stresses that the evidence so far is anecdotal, rather than the scientifically rigorous, randomized and controlled clinical studies that are normally used over several years in the development and approval of drugs. Juurlink said a vaccine is a year or 18 months away but that data gathered worldwide could point to safe and effective treatments within a month or two.
