Neisseria gonorrhoeae is normally susceptible to azithromycin, [21] but the drug is not widely used as monotherapy due to a low barrier to resistance development. No harm has been found with use during pregnancy. Safety of the medication during breastfeeding is unclear. It was reported that because only low levels are found in breast milk and the medication has also been used in young children, it is unlikely that breastfed infants would suffer adverse effects.
Azithromycin appears to be effective in the treatment of COPD through its suppression of inflammatory processes. Nervousness, skin reactions, and anaphylaxis have been reported. Hearing loss has been reported. Occasionally, people have developed cholestatic hepatitis or delirium. Accidental intravenous overdose in an infant caused severe heart block , resulting in residual encephalopathy.
In the FDA issued a warning that azithromycin "can cause abnormal changes in the electrical activity of the heart that may lead to a potentially fatal irregular heart rhythm. The warning indicated people with preexisting conditions are at particular risk, such as those with QT interval prolongation, low blood levels of potassium or magnesium, a slower than normal heart rate, or those who use certain drugs to treat abnormal heart rhythms.
Azithromycin prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis. It binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome , thus inhibiting translation of mRNA. Nucleic acid synthesis is not affected. Azithromycin is an acid-stable antibiotic, so it can be taken orally with no need of protection from gastric acids.
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It is readily absorbed, but absorption is greater on an empty stomach. Time to peak concentration T max in adults is 2. Due to its high concentration in phagocytes , azithromycin is actively transported to the site of infection. During active phagocytosis, large concentrations are released. The concentration of azithromycin in the tissues can be over 50 times higher than in plasma due to ion trapping and its high lipid solubility.
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In , Pliva and Pfizer signed a licensing agreement, which gave Pfizer exclusive rights for the sale of azithromycin in Western Europe and the United States. Pliva put its azithromycin on the market in Central and Eastern Europe under the brand name Sumamed in Pfizer launched azithromycin under Pliva's license in other markets under the brand name Zithromax in It is available as a generic medication.
Azithromycin is commonly administered in film-coated tablet, capsule, oral suspension , intravenous injection , granules for suspension in sachet , and ophthalmic solution. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. IUPAC name.
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Interactive image. Brand name listings. Retrieved 24 December Archived from the original on 28 February Retrieved 27 February Archived from the original on 5 September Retrieved 1 August Retrieved 4 September Oxford: Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 5 March Robin Analogue-based Drug Discovery. World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list Geneva: World Health Organization.
Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine 6th revision ed. International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.
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Retrieved 24 May Retrieved 22 December Archived from the original on 1 March With oral use in children Azithromycin may be used as detailed below, although these situations are considered outside the scope of its licence: prevention of group A streptococcal infection; chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis; Lyme disease; mild to moderate typhoid due to multiple-antibacterial resistant organisms. Azithromycin may be used as detailed below, although these situations are considered outside the scope of its licence: prevention of group A streptococcal infection; uncomplicated gonorrhoea; Lyme disease; mild to moderate typhoid due to multiple-antibacterial resistant organisms; community-acquired pneumonia high severity when oral treatment continues for more than 3 days.
Route-specific information Interactions do not generally apply to topical use of azithromycin unless specified. Individual interactants: Azithromycin. Common or very common When used by eye topical eye discomfort With oral use arthralgia. Uncommon When used by eye topical eye allergy With oral use numbness ; oedema ; photosensitivity reaction With parenteral use numbness ; oedema ; photosensitivity reaction.
Frequency not known With oral use acute kidney injury ; aggression ; akathisia ; haemolytic anaemia ; syncope With parenteral use acute kidney injury ; aggression ; akathisia ; haemolytic anaemia ; syncope. With systemic use Manufacturers advise use only if adequate alternatives not available.
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With systemic use Present in milk; use only if no suitable alternatives. With systemic use Manufacturer advises caution; consider avoiding in severe impairment no information available. With oral use See Lyme disease for place in therapy and further information on treatment. Flavours of oral liquid formulations may include cherry or banana.
Patient resources Medicines for Children leaflet: Azithromycin for bacterial infections www. Dental practitioners' formulary With oral use Azithromycin Capsules may be prescribed. Azithromycin Tablets may be prescribed. Back to top.